CISCO IPv6学习笔记03

IPv6隧道

如上图所示,当两个IPv6网络需要通信时,如果中间需要穿越IPv4网络,而由于IPv4网络中只能识别IPv4包头,并不能为IPv6数据提供正确的路径传输,这时就需要在IPv4网络中为IPv6创建一条隧道,来提供IPv6在IPv4中的传递,这样的隧道,就是把IPv6的数据全部封装在IPv4中,将IPv4当作链路层来传递的隧道形式,称为覆盖型隧道(Overlay Tunnels )。由于隧道是建立在IPv4基础上的,隧道又必须有起点和终点来明确隧道的路径,所以覆盖型隧道的起点和终点最好是使用IPv4地址,有时必须是IPv4地址,并且隧道在传输IPv6数据时,也应该在隧道的两端添加IPv6地址,来完成两端IPv6网络的通信。隧道的起点和终点必须同时支持IPv4和IPv6。

当前在IOS中支持的覆盖型隧道共有以下几中:

Manual

点对点,只传递IPv6数据包。

模式为:ipv6ip

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE)

点对点,可以传递多种协议。

模式为:gre ip

IPv4-compatible

点到多点的,思科不建议使用。

模式为:ipv6ip auto-tunnel

6to4

点到多点的,使用地址为2002::/16。

模式为:ipv6ip 6to4

Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)

是点到多点的。

模式为:ipv6ip isatap

以上隧道中,所有隧道的源均为IPv4地址,但是只有点对点隧道的终点为IPv4地址,其它都不需要。更多的是,点对点隧道必须要有IPv6地址,点对点隧道如下图:

注:CCIE考试中,IPv6隧道的考点为Manual 类型的隧道。

配置IPv6隧道:

说明:原来R1上的IPv6网络无法与R2上的IPv6网络通信,通过配置IPv6隧道之后,在隧道与相应IPv6接口上启用IPv6路由协议,如OSPFv3,使得两端IPv6网络可以通信。

1.初始配置

(1)R1初始配置:

r1(config)#int f0/0

r1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#exi

r1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

r1(config)#

r1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r1(config)#int loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2011:1:1:11::1/64

(2)R2初始配置:

r2(config)#int f0/1

r2(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#exit

r2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

r2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r2(config)#int loopback 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2022:2:2:22::2/64

测试IPv4连通性:

r1#ping 20.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/108/196 ms

r1#

说明:R1与R2之间的IPv4连通性正常。

2.配置Manual 类型的IPv6隧道

(1)在R1上配置IPv6隧道

说明:配置的IPv6隧道的类型为Manual 类型,即模式为ipv6ip

r1(config)#int tunnel 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012:1:1:11::1/64

r1(config-if)#tunnel source f0/0

r1(config-if)#tunnel destination 20.1.1.1

r1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip

(2)在R2上配置IPv6隧道

r2(config)#int tunnel 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012:1:1:11::2/64

r2(config-if)#tunnel source f0/0

r2(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.1.1.1

r2(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip

(3)查看两端隧道情况

r1#sh ipv6 interface brief tunnel 0

Tunnel0                    [up/up]

    FE80::A01:101

    2012:1:1:11::1

r1#

r2#show ipv6 interface brief tunnel 0

Tunnel0                    [up/up]

    FE80::1401:101

    2012:1:1:11::2

r2#

(4)测试隧道连通性:

r1#ping 2012:1:1:11::2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2012:1:1:11::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 212/279/332 ms

r1#

说明:隧道通信正常。

3.配置IPv6路由协议

说明:在路由器之间启用IPv6路由协议,在隧道之上传递两端IPv6网络信息。

(1)在R1上配置OSPFv3

r1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 2

r1(config-rtr)#router-id 1.1.1.1

r1(config)#int loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 2 area 0

r1(config)#int tunnel 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 2 area 0

(2)在R2上配置OSPFv3

r2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 2

r2(config-rtr)#router-id 2.2.2.2

r2(config)#int loopback 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 2 area 0

r2(config)#int tunnel 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 2 area 0

4.查看结果

(1)查看邻居状态

R1:

r1#show ipv6 ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

2.2.2.2           1   FULL/  –        00:00:31    14              Tunnel0

r1#

R2:

r2#show ipv6 ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

1.1.1.1           1   FULL/  –        00:00:38    14              Tunnel0

r2

说明:两端OSPFv3邻居正常。

(2)查看路由信息

R1:

r1#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table – 7 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, R – RIP, B – BGP

       U – Per-user Static route

       I1 – ISIS L1, I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary

       O – OSPF intra, OI – OSPF inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

       D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external

O   2022:2:2:22::/64 [110/11112]

     via FE80::1401:101, Tunnel0

r1#

R2:

r2#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table – 7 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, R – RIP, B – BGP

       U – Per-user Static route

       I1 – ISIS L1, I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary

       O – OSPF intra, OI – OSPF inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

       D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external

O   2011:1:1:11::/64 [110/11112]

     via FE80::A01:101, Tunnel0

r2#

说明:两端通过OSPFv3学习到的IPv6路由正常。

5.测试两端IPv6网络通信情况

(1)测试R1到R2端IPv6网络的通信情况

r1#ping 2022:2:2:22::2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2022:2:2:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 120/181/268 ms

r1#

说明:由于隧道成功建立,并且通过OSPFv3正常学习到路由,到对端IPv6网络通信正常。

(2)测试R2到R1端IPv6网络的通信情况

r2#ping 2011:1:1:11::1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2011:1:1:11::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/164/284 ms

r2#

说明:由于隧道成功建立,并且通过OSPFv3正常学习到路由,到对端IPv6网络通信正常。

隧道借用地址

说明:在现有IPv4网络上创建覆盖型IPv6隧道,隧道的起点和终点都使用了IPv4地址来定义,然后要使隧道运行正常,使隧道具有路由协议的连接功能,需要赋予隧道两端IPv6地址,从而提供IPv6的连通性,而隧道两端的IPv6地址可以不属于同一网段,当然属于同一网段是最好的选择。无论隧道两端的IPv6地址是否属于同一网段,IPv6路由协议都是可以正常使用的。如果隧道两端的IPv6地址属于同一网段,那么一切正常,隧道两端的地址可以相互ping通,路由协议也无须更多操作,而当隧道两端的IPv6地址不属于同一网段时,那么两端的地址是无法ping通的,但IPv6路由协议可以照常使用,这时,路由协议需要将隧道的地址当作额外路由进行重新通告一次。

       下面在创建隧道时,将隧道两端的IPv6地址改为无编号借用地址(unnumbered),这时两端地址不属于同网段,再使用IPv6路由协议连通两端IPv6网络。

1.初始配置

r1:

r1(config)#int f0/0

r1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#exi

r1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

r1(config)#

r1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r1(config)#int loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2011:1:1:11::1/64

R2

r2(config)#int f0/1

r2(config-if)#ip add 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r2(config-if)#exit

r2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

r2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r2(config)#int loopback 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2022:2:2:22::2/64

测试IPv4连通性:

r1#ping 20.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/108/196 ms

r1#

说明:R1与R2之间的IPv4连通性正常。

2.配置unnumbered地址的IPv6隧道

(1)在R1上配置IPv6隧道

r1(config)#int tunnel 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 unnumbered loopback 0

r1(config-if)#tunnel source f0/0

r1(config-if)#tunnel destination 20.1.1.1

r1(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip

(2)在R2上配置IPv6隧道

r2(config)#int tunnel 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 unnumbered loopback 0

r2(config-if)#tunnel source f0/0

r2(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.1.1.1

r2(config-if)#tunnel mode ipv6ip

(3)查看两端隧道情况

r1#show ipv6 interface brief tunnel 0

Tunnel10                   [up/up]

    FE80::A01:101

    unnumbered (Loopback0)

r1#

r2#show ipv6 interface brief tunnel 0

Tunnel10                   [up/up]

    FE80::1401:101

    unnumbered (Loopback0)

r2#

(4)测试隧道连通性:

r1#ping 2022:2:2:22::2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2022:2:2:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

…..

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

r1#

说明:由于隧道两端地址不属于同一网段,所以没有对端路由信息,无法ping通。

3.配置IPv6路由协议

(1)在R1上配置OSPFv3

r1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 10

r1(config-rtr)#router-id 1.1.1.1

r1(config)#int loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r1(config)#int tunnel 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

(2)在R2上配置OSPFv3

r2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 10

r2(config-rtr)#router-id 2.2.2.2

r2(config)#int loopback 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-p

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r2(config)#int tunnel 10

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

4.查看结果

(1)查看邻居状态

r1#show ipv6 ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

2.2.2.2           1   FULL/  –        00:00:37    15              Tunnel10

r1#

r2#show ipv6 ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

1.1.1.1           1   FULL/  –        00:00:36    15              Tunnel10

r2#

说明:两端OSPFv3邻居正常。

(2)查看路由信息

R1:

r1#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table – 7 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, R – RIP, B – BGP

       U – Per-user Static route

       I1 – ISIS L1, I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary

       O – OSPF intra, OI – OSPF inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

       D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external

O   2022:2:2:22::/64 [110/11112]

     via FE80::1401:101, Tunnel10

r1#

R2:

r2#show ipv6 route ospf

IPv6 Routing Table – 7 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, R – RIP, B – BGP

       U – Per-user Static route

       I1 – ISIS L1, I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary

       O – OSPF intra, OI – OSPF inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

       D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external

O   2011:1:1:11::/64 [110/11112]

     via FE80::A01:101, Tunnel10

r2#

说明:两端通过OSPFv3学习到的IPv6路由正常。

5.测试两端IPv6网络通信情况

r1#ping 2022:2:2:22::2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2022:2:2:22::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 120/181/268 ms

r1#

说明:由于隧道成功建立,并且通过OSPFv3正常学习到路由,到对端IPv6网络通信正常。

(2)测试R2到R1端IPv6网络的通信情况

r2#ping 2011:1:1:11::1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2011:1:1:11::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/164/284 ms

r2#

说明:由于隧道成功建立,并且通过OSPFv3正常学习到路由,到对端IPv6网络通信正常。

IPv6组播

概述

在理解IPv6组播之前,必须了解IPv4组播,了解IPv4 PIM,了解IGMP,这些知识在本篇不再详细讲述,相关详细内容,请参见IPv4 组播部分。

要启用IPv6组播,必须先开IPv6单播。

IPv6组播地址:

IPv6组播地址的范围是FF00::/8 (1111 1111)。

因为一个正常的IPv6地址包含128位,在IPv6组播地址中,第一段共16位的格式被拆分成三部分:第一部分共8位,全部为1,即使用FF来表示。第二部分共4位,表示组播地址的存活期,如果为0表示永久,如果为1表示临时。第三部分共4位,表示组播地址的范围,分为node, link, site, organization,global分别表示为1, 2, 5, 8,E,除了此五种以外,0和F为保留范围,而其它全部称为未分配,建议使用未分配的地址范围。组播地址的表示格式如下图:

在IPv6中没有广播地址,只有组播,所以使用组播代替广播。

无论是路由器还是主机,所有IPv6接口默认加入FF02::1 ,

而所有路由器的IPv6接口默认加入FF02::2。

MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery)

在IPv6组播中,MLD协议与IPv4组播中的IGMP协议功能相同,是用于发现接收者的协议。

路由器发送MLD查询消息来确认接收者,而主机发送MLD报告来加入一个组,主机可以在同一时间属于多个组。

MLD共有两个版本,ver1和ver2,

MLD ver 1是基于IPv4 IGMP v2

MLD ver 2是基于IPv4 IGMP v3

IOS同时使用两个。

PIM

IPv6 PIM的功能同IPv4 PIM,而IPv6 PIM只使用SM(稀疏)模式,所以网络中必须存在RP,而RP的位置可以通过静态配置和BSR通告两种方法确认。

    在配置IPv6 PIM时,当开启IPv6组播功能后,所有正常启用IPv6功能的接口自动开启IPv6 PIM,所以IPv6 PIM无须手工配置;并且须明白DR在组播中的作用,详细内容请参见IPv4组播部分。

配置IPv6组播

1.初始配置

(1)R1初始配置:

r1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 10

r1(config-rtr)#router-id 1.1.1.1

r1(config)#int f0/0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012:1:1:11::1/64

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r1(config)#int loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2011:1:1:11::1/64

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

(2)R2初始配置:

r2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r2(config)#ipv6 router ospf 10

r2(config-rtr)#router-id 2.2.2.2

r2(config)#interface f0/0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012:1:1:11::2/64

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r2(config)#int loopback 0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2022:2:2:22::2/64

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r2(config)#int s0/0

r2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

r2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

r2(config-if)#no arp frame-relay

r2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2023:1:1:11::2/64

r2(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 2023:1:1:11::3 203 broadcast

r2(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:380 203 broadcast

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r2(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

(3)R3初始配置:

r3(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

r3(config)#ipv6 router ospf 10

r3(config-rtr)#router-id 3.3.3.3

r3(config)#interface loopback 0

r3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2033:3:3:33::3/64

r3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

r3(config)#int s0/0

r3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

r3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp

r3(config-if)#no arp frame-relay

r3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2023:1:1:11::3/64

r3(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 2023:1:1:11::2 302 broadcast

r3(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200 302 broadcast

r3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf network point-to-point

r3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 10 area 0

2.开启IPv6组播

(1)在R1上开启IPv6组播

r1(config)#ipv6 multicast-routing

(2)在R2上开启IPv6组播

r2(config)#ipv6 multicast-routing

(3)在R3上开启IPv6组播

r3(config)#ipv6 multicast-routing

3.配置IPv6 PIM

说明:在配置IPv6 PIM时,当开启IPv6组播功能后,所有正常启用IPv6功能的接口自动开启IPv6 PIM,所以IPv6 PIM无须手工配置。

(1)查看R1上的PIM状态

r1#show ipv6 pim neighbor

Neighbor Address           Interface          Uptime    Expires DR pri Bidir

FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200   FastEthernet0/0    00:00:43  00:01:31 1 (DR) B

r1#

说明:由于IPv6单播和IPv6组播已正常开启,所以IPv6 PIM邻居也已经正常建立。

(2)查看R2上的PIM状态

r2#show ipv6 pim neighbor

Neighbor Address           Interface          Uptime    Expires DR pri Bidir

FE80::212:D9FF:FEF9:C8A0   FastEthernet0/0    00:00:56  00:01:18 1      B

FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:380    Serial0/0          00:00:55  00:01:28 10 (DR) B

r2#

说明:由于IPv6单播和IPv6组播已正常开启,所以IPv6 PIM邻居也已经正常建立。

(3)查看R3上的PIM状态

r3#show ipv6 pim neighbor

Neighbor Address           Interface          Uptime    Expires DR pri Bidir

FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200   Serial0/0          00:01:09  00:01:37 1      B

r3#

说明:由于IPv6单播和IPv6组播已正常开启,所以IPv6 PIM邻居也已经正常建立。

4.配置MLD

说明:因为MLD的功能同IGMP,所以配置的目的为加入某个组。

(1)在R1上配置加入组ff04::1

说明:建议使用未分配的组播地址范围。

r1(config)#interface loopback 0

r1(config-if)#ipv6 mld join-group ff04::1   

5.配置静态RP

说明:静态配置所有设备的RP为R1的loopback 0

(1)在R1上配置静态RP

r1(config)#ipv6 pim rp-address 2011:1:1:11::1

(2)在R2上配置静态RP

r2(config)#ipv6 pim rp-address 2011:1:1:11::1

(3)在R3上配置静态RP

r3(config)#ipv6 pim rp-address 2011:1:1:11::1

6.查看结果

(1)查看R1上的RP情况

r1#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Tu2,2011:1:1:11::1 (us)

    Info source: Static

    Uptime: 00:01:15, Groups: 1

r1#

说明:由于已手工配置RP,所以RP正常。

(2)查看R2上的RP情况

r2#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Fa0/0,FE80::212:D9FF:FEF9:C8A0

    Info source: Static

    Uptime: 00:01:40, Groups: 0

r2#

说明:由于已手工配置RP,所以RP正常。

(3)查看R3上的RP情况

r3#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Se0/0,FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200

    Info source: Static

    Uptime: 00:01:41, Groups: 0

r3

说明:由于已手工配置RP,所以RP正常。

7.测试组播通信情况

(1)测试R1的组播通信情况

r1#ping ff04::1   

Output Interface: Loopback0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2011:1:1:11::1

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 16 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/3/16 ms

5 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r1#

说明:在测试组播时,出口必须全部写出。从结果中可以看出,由于PIM已成功建立,RP已正确学到,所以组播通信正常。

(2)测试R2的组播通信情况

r2#ping ff04::1

Output Interface: FastEthernet0/0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2012:1:1:11::2

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 4 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/4 ms

5 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r2#

说明:从结果中可以看出,由于PIM已成功建立,RP已正确学到,所以组播通信正常。

(3)测试R3的组播通信情况

r3#ping ff04::1

Output Interface: Serial0/0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2023:1:1:11::3

Request 0 timed out

Request 1 timed out

Request 2 timed out

Request 3 timed out

Request 4 timed out

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

0 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r3#

说明:R3的组播无法ping通,由于PIM的DR选举问题。原因请参见IPv4组播部分。

8.解决组播通信问题

说明:由于R3与R2之间为多路访问,DR位置错误,所以组播无法通信,切换DR位置以解决组播通信问题。

(1)改R2为网络中的DR

r2(config)#interface s0/0

r2(config-if)#ipv6 pim dr-priority 100

(2)查看当前网络中DR情况

r3#show ipv6 pim neighbor

Neighbor Address           Interface          Uptime    Expires DR pri Bidir

FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200   Serial0/0          00:10:02  00:01:24 100 (DR) B

r3#

说明:DR已成功变为R2。

(3)测试R3的组播通信情况

r3#ping ff04::1

Output Interface: Serial0/0   

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2023:1:1:11::3

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 68 ms

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 80 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 64 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 76 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 65 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 77 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 68 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 80 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 124 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 168 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/87/168 ms

10 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r3#

说明:修改DR后,R3的组播通信正常。

  

配置BSR

说明:前面通过手工静态配置RP来使组播正常通信,下面通过配置BSR来自动选举RP。

配置R1的loopback0为C-BSR和C-RP。

1.配置C-BSR

(1)配置R1的loopback0为C-BSR

r1(config)#ipv6 pim bsr candidate bsr 2011:1:1:11::1

2.配置C-RP

(1)配置R1的loopback0为C-RP

r1(config)#ipv6 pim bsr candidate rp 2011:1:1:11::1

3.查看结果

(1)查看R1上的RP情况

r1#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Tu2,2011:1:1:11::1 (us)

    Info source: BSR From: 2011:1:1:11::1(00:01:31), Priority: 192

    Uptime: 00:00:58, Groups: 1

r1#

说明:由于BSR配置正确,所以RP正常。

(2)查看R2上的RP情况

r2#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Fa0/0,FE80::212:D9FF:FEF9:C8A0

    Info source: BSR From: 2011:1:1:11::1(00:02:20), Priority: 192

    Uptime: 00:01:09, Groups: 1

r2#

说明:由于BSR配置正确,所以RP正常。

(3)查看R3上的RP情况

r3#show ipv6 pim group-map ff04::

FF00::/8*

    SM, RP: 2011:1:1:11::1

    RPF: Se0/0,FE80::213:1AFF:FE2F:1200

    Info source: BSR From: 2011:1:1:11::1(00:02:09), Priority: 192

    Uptime: 00:01:20, Groups: 0

r3#

说明:由于BSR配置正确,所以RP正常。

4.测试组播通信情况

(1)测试R1的组播通信情况

r1#ping ff04::1                  

Output Interface: Loopback0                     

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2011:1:1:11::1

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 8 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/1/8 ms

5 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r1#

说明: RP已正确学到,所以组播通信正常。

(2)测试R2的组播通信情况

r2#ping ff04::1                  

Output Interface: FastEthernet0/0               

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2012:1:1:11::2

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 12 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 8 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 0 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/4/12 ms

5 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r2#

说明: RP已正确学到,所以组播通信正常。

(3)测试R3的组播通信情况

r3#ping ff04::1                  

Output Interface: Serial0/0                     

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF04::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 2023:1:1:11::3

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 120 ms

Reply to request 0 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 132 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 100 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 116 ms

Reply to request 1 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 128 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 100 ms

Reply to request 2 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 116 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 100 ms

Reply to request 3 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 116 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 101 ms

Reply to request 4 received from 2011:1:1:11::1, 117 ms

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 100/113/132 ms

11 multicast replies and 0 errors.

r3#

说明: RP已正确学到,所以组播通信正常。

IPv6 邻居发现协议(ND协议)

    由于IPv6 ND协议中,几乎所有有用功能均为自动开启,无须手工干预,所以在此不再详细解释ND协议的运行过程,详细内容请自行参考Cisco文档中IOS 12.4 T部分。

原创文章,作者:huangyanzhao05,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.ipv6s.com/basis/20101002159.html

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