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在Cisco路由器上配置IPv6 Over IPv4 GRE隧道

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在Cisco路由器上配置IPv6 Over IPv4 GRE隧道

     下面我们将以Cisco路由器为例来演示如何在Cisco路由器上配置IPv6 Over IPv4 GRE隧道，本次实验采用三台Router，router1.ipv6s.com、router2.ipv6s.com、router3.ipv6s.com均通过IPv4网络互联，运行OSPF协议模拟IPv4 Internet。router1.ipv6s.com、router3.ipv6s.com这二台路由器均为双栈路由器。router1.ipv6s.com、router3.ipv6s.com通过router2.ipv6s.com建立6Over4的GRE隧道，连接二边的IPv6网络。实验中我们未在二边的IPv6网络放置PC机，因此各在二台设备上建立一个loopback接口，与隧道一起运行OSPFv3路由协议，验证将二边的IPv6网络通过6Over4 GRE隧道进行互联互通。具体的组网图如下所示：

   

实验组网图与IPv4、IPv6地址分配

    各设备的接口IPv4、IPv6地址地址与接口编号请对照下图查看：

   

配置思路与流程说明：

  • 在每台设备上配置IPv4地址并通过ospf路由协议将IPv4网络连通
  • 在第一与第三台路由器上开启IPV6功能:ipv6 unicast-routing
  • 在每台设备上创建OSPFv3进程与loopback接口地址并使能OSPFv3路由协议
  • 建立隧道，并配置隧道模式为6over4 GRE 隧道：tunnel mode gre ip
  • 配置6over4 GRE隧道的源IPv4地址与隧道对端的目的IPv4地址tunnel source    tunnel  destination
  • 配置隧道的IPv6地址并使能OSPFv3路由协议，将二边的IPv6网络通过隧道连通

router1.ipv6s.com的配置步骤：

步骤一：配置IPv4网络互通

router1.ipv6s.com con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

router1.ipv6s.com>
enable

router1.ipv6s.com#
config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ip address 1.2.0.1 255.255.255.0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
no shutdown

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

*Sep  5 11:43:19.907: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Sep  5 11:43:20.907: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
router ospf 100

router1.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
router-id 1.1.1.1

router1.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
network  1.2.0.0  0.0.0.255 area 0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

步骤二：配置IPv6隧道与IPv6网络互通

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
ipv6 unicast-routing

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
ipv6 router ospf 100

router1.ipv6s.com(config-rtr)#
router-id  1.1.1.1

router1.ipv6s.com(config-rtr)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  loopback  1

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:50:24.455: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 enable

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 address 1::1/128

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  tunnel  0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  mode  gre  ip

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  source  1.2.0.1

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  destination  2.3.0.2

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:58:26.307: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 enable

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 address  1003::1/64

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 ospf  100 area 0

router1.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com(config)#
exit

router1.ipv6s.com#

router2.ipv6s.com的配置步骤：

router2.ipv6s.com为纯IPv4网络，因此只需配置IPv4网络互通即可

router2.ipv6s.com con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

router2.ipv6s.com>
en

router2.ipv6s.com#
conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

router2.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface gigabitEthernet  0/0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ip address  1.2.0.2 255.255.255.0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
no shutdown

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router2.ipv6s.com(config)#

*Sep  5 11:46:02.707: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Sep  5 11:46:03.707: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

router2.ipv6s.com(config)#

router2.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  gigabitEthernet 1/0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ip address  2.3.0.1 255.255.255.0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
no shutdown

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:46:32.599: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet1/0, changed state to up

*Sep  5 11:46:33.599: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet1/0, changed state to up

router2.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router2.ipv6s.com(config)#
router ospf 100

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
router-id 2.2.2.2

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
network 1.2.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#

*Sep  5 11:47:42.675: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
network 2.3.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

router2.ipv6s.com(config-router)#

router3.ipv6s.com的配置步骤：

步骤一：配置IPv4网络互通

router3.ipv6s.com con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

router3.ipv6s.com>
en

router3.ipv6s.com#
conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  gigabitEthernet 0/0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ip address  2.3.0.2 255.255.255.0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
no shutdown

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:47:40.159: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Sep  5 11:47:41.159: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
router ospf 100

router3.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
router-id 3.3.3.3

router3.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
network 2.3.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-router)#

*Sep  5 11:48:09.379: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

router3.ipv6s.com(config-router)#
exit

步骤二：配置IPv6隧道与IPv6网络互通

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
ipv6 unicast-routing

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
ipv6 router ospf 100

router3.ipv6s.com(config-rtr)#
router-id  3.3.3.3

router3.ipv6s.com(config-rtr)#
exit

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  loopback  1

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:58:27.947: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6  enable

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6  address  3::3/128

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
interface  tunnel  0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  mode  gre  ip

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  source  2.3.0.2

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
tunnel  destination 1.2.0.1

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:59:16.051: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 enable

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 address 1003::2/64

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
ipv6 ospf 100 area 0

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#

*Sep  5 11:59:39.431: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Tunnel0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

router3.ipv6s.com(config-if)#
exit

router3.ipv6s.com(config)#
exit

router3.ipv6s.com#

查看各设备OSPF与OSPFv3邻居、IPv6路由表

所有设备之间的IPv4、IPv6路由协议已按照组网图配置完毕，我们可以在router1.ipv6s.com上查看OSPF、OSPFv3的邻居

并查看IPv6路由表，隧道接口的IPv6地址信息。

并ping  router3.ipv6s.com上面的loopback接口ipv6地址，均能正常通讯

router1.ipv6s.com#

*Sep  5 12:00:36.607: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Tunnel0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#
show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

2.2.2.2           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:36    1.2.0.2         GigabitEthernet0/0

router1.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 ospf  neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  –        00:00:33    7               Tunnel0

router1.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 route

IPv6 Routing Table – default – 5 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, U – Per-user Static route

       B – BGP, M – MIPv6, R – RIP, I1 – ISIS L1

       I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary, D – EIGRP

       EX – EIGRP external, ND – Neighbor Discovery

       O – OSPF Intra, OI – OSPF Inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

LC  1::1/128 [0/0]

     via Loopback1, receive

O   3::3/128 [110/1000]

     via FE80::203:2, Tunnel0

C   1003::/64 [0/0]

     via Tunnel0, directly connected

L   1003::1/128 [0/0]

     via Tunnel0, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

     via Null0, receive

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 interface  tunnel  0

Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up

  IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C80E:BFF:FE48:6

  No Virtual link-local address(es):

  Global unicast address(es):

    1003::1, subnet is 1003::/64

  Joined group address(es):

    FF02::1

    FF02::2

    FF02::5

    FF02::1:FF00:1

    FF02::1:FF48:6

  MTU is 1476 bytes

  ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds

  ICMP redirects are enabled

  ICMP unreachables are sent

  ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1

  ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30000)

  Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#
show interfaces  tunnel  0

Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up

  Hardware is Tunnel

  MTU 17916 bytes, BW 100 Kbit/sec, DLY 50000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set

  Keepalive not set

  Tunnel source 1.2.0.1, destination 2.3.0.2

  Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP

    Key disabled, sequencing disabled

    Checksumming of packets disabled

  Tunnel TTL 255, Fast tunneling enabled

  Tunnel transport MTU 1476 bytes

  Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

  Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

  Last input 00:00:05, output 00:00:03, output hang never

  Last clearing of “show interface” counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: fifo

  Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     39 packets input, 4468 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     45 packets output, 5024 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

     0 unknown protocol drops

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#
traceroute  ipv6 3::3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 3::3

  1 1003::2 148 msec 144 msec 188 msec

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#
ping ipv6 1003::2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1003::2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/176/208 ms

router1.ipv6s.com#
ping ipv6 3::3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3::3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 160/177/196 ms

router1.ipv6s.com#

router1.ipv6s.com#

查看router2.ipv6s.com上面的OSPF邻居：

router2.ipv6s.com#
show ip ospf  neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:31    2.3.0.2         GigabitEthernet1/0

1.1.1.1           1   FULL/DR         00:00:31    1.2.0.1         GigabitEthernet0/0

router2.ipv6s.com#

查看router3.ipv6s.com上面的的OSPF、OSPFv3、IPv6路由表、Tunnel接口IPv6地址信息：

router3.ipv6s.com#
show  ip ospf  neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:30    2.3.0.1         GigabitEthernet0/0

router3.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 ospf  neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface

1.1.1.1           0   FULL/  –        00:00:30    7               Tunnel0

router3.ipv6s.com#

router3.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 route

IPv6 Routing Table – default – 5 entries

Codes: C – Connected, L – Local, S – Static, U – Per-user Static route

       B – BGP, M – MIPv6, R – RIP, I1 – ISIS L1

       I2 – ISIS L2, IA – ISIS interarea, IS – ISIS summary, D – EIGRP

       EX – EIGRP external, ND – Neighbor Discovery

       O – OSPF Intra, OI – OSPF Inter, OE1 – OSPF ext 1, OE2 – OSPF ext 2

       ON1 – OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA ext 2

O   1::1/128 [110/1000]

     via FE80::102:1, Tunnel0

LC  3::3/128 [0/0]

     via Loopback1, receive

C   1003::/64 [0/0]

     via Tunnel0, directly connected

L   1003::2/128 [0/0]

     via Tunnel0, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

     via Null0, receive

router3.ipv6s.com#
ping ipv6 1::1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 136/172/216 ms

router3.ipv6s.com#
show ipv6 interface  tunnel  0

Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up

  IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C810:BFF:FE94:6

  No Virtual link-local address(es):

  Global unicast address(es):

    1003::2, subnet is 1003::/64

  Joined group address(es):

    FF02::1

    FF02::2

    FF02::5

    FF02::1:FF00:2

    FF02::1:FF94:6

  MTU is 1476 bytes

  ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds

  ICMP redirects are enabled

  ICMP unreachables are sent

  ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1

  ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30000)

  Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.

router3.ipv6s.com#

router3.ipv6s.com#
show interfaces  tunnel  0

Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up

  Hardware is Tunnel

  MTU 17916 bytes, BW 100 Kbit/sec, DLY 50000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set

  Keepalive not set

  Tunnel source 2.3.0.2, destination 1.2.0.1

  Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP

    Key disabled, sequencing disabled

    Checksumming of packets disabled

  Tunnel TTL 255, Fast tunneling enabled

  Tunnel transport MTU 1476 bytes

  Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

  Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)

  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:00, output hang never

  Last clearing of “show interface” counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: fifo

  Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     71 packets input, 7940 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     82 packets output, 9040 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

     0 unknown protocol drops

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

router3.ipv6s.com#

原创文章，作者：中国IPv6网，如若转载，请注明出处：https://www.ipv6s.com/basis/tunnel/20100905518.html

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